Interventional radiology, which is also referred to as vascular and interventional radiology, uses minimally invasive radiology both to treat and diagnose diseases, disorders, and other problems a wide variety of patients may face. Generally, doctors in this subspecialty want to make the procedures they perform as minimally invasive as possible, as this reduces the possibility of other problems and complications. Physicians usually learn about interventional radiology while they are completing their residencies.

A urologist is a health professional who studies and treats disorders of the urinary tract. Urologists can conduct tests, perform surgery, and help resolve any issues that a patient may be having with urination. Urologists treat the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and adrenal glands. They can also treat some male reproductive organs that are connected to the urinary tract.