Pathology is a medical subfield with a focus on the diagnosis of disease. Medical professionals who become pathologists often have background knowledge in several different areas of medicine, as this knowledge is helpful when it comes to diagnosis. Pathologists generally test for disease by analyzing tissue, body fluid, and cell samples. In this way, these doctors can diagnose problems caused by parasites, pathogens, and even non-infectious causes. This work can help other physicians make the proper treatment recommendations.

Pediatric Hematology Oncology is a pediatric subspecialty with an emphasis on treating children who are suffering from a blood disease or condition, especially cancer. The doctors who become pediatric hematologists and oncologists must go through rigorous medical training to properly treat and diagnose children with these conditions. As highly trained doctors, they can provide the necessary care to children who are seriously ill or at risk of developing blood problems.