Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a medical subspecialty that can help treat diseases and disorders of the face, head, neck, and soft tissues of the jaw. It can include surgical and non-surgical interventions for issues of this sort. While it is generally considered a subspecialty of medicine, it is also closely related to dentistry. In fact, some oral and maxillofacial surgeons may even work with dental problems or in conjunction with dentists to solve oral and dental complications.

Pathology is a medical subfield with a focus on the diagnosis of disease. Medical professionals who become pathologists often have background knowledge in several different areas of medicine, as this knowledge is helpful when it comes to diagnosis. Pathologists generally test for disease by analyzing tissue, body fluid, and cell samples. In this way, these doctors can diagnose problems caused by parasites, pathogens, and even non-infectious causes. This work can help other physicians make the proper treatment recommendations.