West Nile Virus: Symptoms and Treatment
A mosquito bite may not seem like a big deal, but if it infects you with the West Nile virus, you may change your mind. West Nile virus infects humans when a mosquito bites an infected bird, then bites a person. Typically, the disease is more severe for older individuals or anyone with a weakened immune system. Fortunately, if you get the virus but receive a prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is rather good.
West Nile Virus Causes
Mosquitoes aren’t the only way you may become ill from the West Nile Virus. In fact, the West Nile virus is also transmitted via blood transfusions, breastfeeding, pregnancy, and organ transplants. However, these cases are rare.
It’s also important to note that anyone bitten by a mosquito carrying the virus may become ill, though only a small percentage of people will ever experience life-threatening symptoms and complications. In fact, there are certain risk factors that help determine whether you’re at greater risk for developing life-threatening symptoms, including age and whether you have one of the following medical conditions:
- Diabetes
- Cancer
- Hypertension
- Kidney Conditions
- Weakened Immune System
West Nile Virus Symptoms
If you think you may have the West Nile virus, chances are symptoms will begin appearing within three days to two weeks after an infected mosquito bites you. The symptoms may include the following:
- Fever
- Headaches
- Body Aches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Swollen Lymph Glands
- Muscle Weakness
- Confusion
- Convulsions
- Vision Loss
- Numbness
- Paralysis
- Coma
The severity of these symptoms varies from person to person and may last a couple of days or several weeks. In rare cases, the infection may result in brain damage.
West Nile Virus Diagnosis
If you think you may have symptoms of the West Nile virus, contact your healthcare provider for a checkup. During your appointment, your doctor will collect a blood sample for testing to determine whether you have the virus. If you’re experiencing severe symptoms, especially if they’re brain-related, your doctor may order a spinal tap or MRI to keep an eye on brain swelling, inflammation, and your white blood cell count.
West Nile Virus Treatment
As a viral infection, the West Nile virus has no cure. However, treatment options are available, primarily in medication form. In mild cases, the infection is usually treated with over-the-counter medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. If your symptoms are more severe, your doctor may prescribe intravenous medications and fluids to help keep any existing inflammation near your brain under control.
West Nile Virus Prognosis
Unbelievably, a vaccine for the virus exists for horses but not people. However, efforts are currently underway to create an effective vaccine. Until then, seeking medical attention and supportive care if you have the virus is one of the most important things you can do for yourself. Fortunately, most people recover quickly and without complications. Just be mindful of your symptoms and risk factors and contact your doctor if you’re experiencing severe symptoms before the infection gets out of control.
