Coronaviruses belong to a large virus family and can affect both animal and human beings. The consequence of Coronaviruses attacks leads to respiratory disease symptoms in humans. The intensity of respiratory infection symptoms varies. The effect could be common cold to more severe respiratory conditions such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, etc.
In December 2019, the first Corona-virus outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. This is the most recent detection of coronavirus causing coronavirus disease COVID-19. This new variety of coronavirus (COVID-19) was unknown before the recent outbreak in China in December 2019.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease symptoms include fatigue, fever, general malaise, and dry cough. But apart from these general symptoms of coronavirus infection, other symptoms are individual patient-specific. Some Coronavirus affected patients have complaints of body ache, nasal congestion, sore throat, runny nose, and diarrhea. All these symptoms do not appear simultaneously, but at the initial stage, the mild symptoms appear and gradually the condition become worsens.
However, Coronavirus infection is asymptomatic in some cases. This means some Coronavirus infected patients do not feel any discomfort, as they do not develop any of these symptoms. It is necessary to mention that self-recovery has observed in almost 80% of Coronavirus infected patients and no special clinical treatment requires for them.
According to the World Health Organization report, one patient out of every six COVID-19 affected people had experienced breathing difficulty and develop serious illness. The risk of COVID-19 causing serious illness is higher in the elderly population and people with co-morbidity, such as hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes, etc.
Approximately 2% of COVID-19 affected patients died due to the severity of the infection. Immediate medical attention requires for every affected individual who has symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
Epidemiology of disease depends upon certain general factors such as the number of infected patients, transmissibility of the infection and the clinical severity range. COVID-19 infection first observed in China and the clinical severity of the condition is quite high. According to the report released by China on 31st December 2019, demonstrated that a certain number of pneumonia cases came together in people who worked at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province. On 7th January 2020, Chinese health authorities declared that the outbreak of the respiratory condition had an association with a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. According to the released report, it was expected that the exposure to the seafood market in Wuhan had an association with the disease outbreak. However, recent epidemiological study result indicates the 2019-nCoV coronavirus transmission takes place from person to person. According to a report released on 8th March 2020, a total of 105,586 cases of 2019-nCoV infections have been detected in almost 100 countries. However, the exact number of infected patients is yet now not clear. There have been 3584 deaths so far, bringing the fatality rate to 3.4%. But the exact ratio may not be calculated from the available data.
It has already mentioned that the coronaviruses belong to a vast variety of virus families. Therefore, the nature of coronaviruses varies. Yet now the identified groups of coronavirus lead to human and animal diseases, which causes gastrointestinal disorders, both upper and lower respiratory tract disease. The antigenic and genetic characteristics features are different in the variety of the coronaviruses.
The common cold symptom associated infection of coronavirus is considered a mild form of the disease. However, children or immunocompromised individuals have a higher risk to develop more severe form infections caused by SARS-related coronavirus. The outbreak of coronavirus infection and transmission of this disease from one country to another is high.
Findings of a Coronavirus specimen in lung and kidney tissue, bronchoalveolar-lavage specimens and sputum or upper respiratory tract swab demonstrate a direct involvement in the pathologic process. Diarrhea, respiratory illness, alveolar damage related to fetal outcome are the most serious complication of the coronavirus infection.
The awareness of the COVID-19 outbreak is very important to prevent this infection. People need to check the latest updates available on national and local public health authorities about this novel viral infection. Still, the risk of COVID-19 viral infection affects China and spread over other countries. Most of the COVID-19 viral infected patients had mild symptoms and recovered after a certain time. But these people may act as a carrier of the infectious material and spread the disease to others. Therefore, protection from other people is very important to prevent the spreading of this disease. Following are some precautionary measures to safe yourself: