Leukemia strikes early blood-forming cells, usually the white blood cells, but sometimes it occurs in other types of blood cells. According to the American Cancer Society’s 2018 estimated statistics, there will be about 60,300 new cases of leukemia in the United States in 2018, and about 24,370 deaths will result from this disease. There are several different types of leukemia, such as Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Each type has its own risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options.
CML occurs when a genetic change happens in the early-forming cells that make red-blood cells, platelets, and most types of white-blood cells (but not lymphocytes). CML is slow growing, but it can change into a fast growing leukemia, becoming hard to treat. The American Cancer Society estimates that 8,430 people (average age of 64) will be diagnosed with CML in 2018, and 1,090 people will die from it.
Most cases of CML occur when chromosomes 9 and 22 switch during cell division, making chromosome 22 too short. This abnormal chromosome is known as the Philadelphia chromosome and is found in the leukemia cells of nearly all CML patients. The switching of these chromosomes also forms a new gene that creates a protein which causes the CML cells to grow and reproduce. The known risk factors include
The symptoms of CML are more often caused by other things. These are some of the same symptoms seen in other leukemias. These symptoms include the following:
Most people do not have symptoms for a long time, so diagnosis usually occurs during routine checkups or when blood tests are ordered for an unrelated health problem. Further steps include:
CML is not staged like most cancers. Instead, depending on factors such as blood counts, the age of the patient, and whether the spleen is enlarged, CML will be classified into the following phases:
The most common treatment for CML is targeted therapy drugs. Possible additional treatments include:
There is no known way to prevent CML.